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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető városi közösségi közlekedés vonzóbbá tételének lehetősége(2023-05-23) Tóth, SzabolcsUrban transport today sets a significant challenge to its residents. The increase in passenger car traffic, which has increased significantly in recent years due to the pandemic situation, also shows that the population is rather committed to private transport then using public transport. In order to create a livable urban life, urgent steps need to be taken to ensure that urban mobility remains sustainable as expected by the population. Fo this, several tools are available to city leaders. These could include the use of micromobility devices, the introduction of sharing-based systems and measures to restrict car traffic. In addition, the development of public transport and the diversion of the population in this direction are obvious. Most major cities today are working in this direction by developing these networks and services in order to improve the accessibility and attractiveness of these transport systems. Several major European cities have made public transport partially or completely free in order to maximize public use. This effort is not unknown in Hungary either, as a significant part of the population has been able to use this form of transport free of charge for several decades. However, if full free service is introduced, it will be necessary to examine its effects from an economic and social point of view.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Mézfogyasztási és vásárlási szokások alakulása Hajdú-Bihar megyében(2023-05-23) Vida, Viktória; Feketéné Ferenczi, AlízThe main objective of our research is to present the market situation and conditions of the Hungarian beekeeping sector from the perspective of consumers. We considered it appropriate to present the beekeeping market because the European Union is the second largest producer of honey in the world, and Hungary ranks third in the EU in terms of the honey production volume. The changes in global and EU trade, market trends and changes in consumer habits are significant influencing factors in terms of domestic conditions. The market situation is presented through a review of the relevant domestic and foreign literature, and we analysed statistical databases to examine the topic (data provision of beekeeping programs of the European Union member states, CSO, OMME, Statista database and reports). The consumption of honey by the Hungarian population has been slowly increasing year by year, but we are still below the European Union average. Honey is our basic food of animal origin; it has many beneficial properties, so the study of consumption and purchasing habits is an important issue. To analyse the consumer and purchasing habits, we chose the questionnaire survey method. In our research, we sought the answer to how and in which direction honey consumption and purchasing habits have changed in Hungary today, and whether there are any regional difference based on the answers of the respondents. The online questionnaire was structured according to the 4Ps of the marketing mix; accordingly, we had questions about the product itself (honey), its price, place of purchase, promotion opportunities and the way and frequency of honey consumption. The results obtained from the survey were evaluated, subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, and then analysed for correlations based on background variables including gender, age, education, type of settlement, and county. Responses were evaluated using the SPSS 22.0 data analysis and statistics program. The results of the sample are not representative, but they well represent and summarize the situation.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető gyógyfürdőkre és a balneo kozmetikumokra irányuló vásárlói és fogyasztói magatartás kvantitatív vizsgálata, különös tekintettel a Közép-magyarországi régióra(2023-05-23) Amberg, NóraThe starting point for the presentation of the topic indicated in the title of the study is the use of spas in Central Hungary (mainly belonging to Budapest Spas cPlc.), and the purchase and consumption of balneo cosmetics (especially the Budapest Spas product family, which is Budapest Spas cPlc.'s balneo cosmetics family) a description of a research model describing the relationship between factors - based on literature, secondary sources and qualitative research. This last phase of the research concludes with the interpretation of the result of single-phase online quantitative data collection (n = 218) based on the research model concept. The methods used in the study are one-, two- (cross-tabular) and multivariate (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) methods. Univariate methods show the prominent role of each key variable. Bivariate or multivariate methods explore the relationships between the variables examined and the lists of claims in the field of spas and balneo cosmetics. The objectives (and results) related to the data collection were as follows: The advantage of spas in Budapest is that they are relatively close to each other, so their frequency of visits is one or more times a year. The spas of Pest County are the least visited, which may be due to the unknown nature of the spas here. The frequency of visits to the examined Budapest spas can be explained by their awareness, frequency and breadth of services. The most common reason for visiting regional spas is the refreshment, which is behind the variable, the reason why consumers, in their conscious free time, look for the opportunities provided by medicinal waters, by which they can recharge and relax. The need for recreation, on the other hand, does not show a difference between each age group, as all age groups need rest and recharge. Among the spa services, a distinction can be made between basic, extended and extra packages, of which the basic and extended packages are used more by women and the extra packages are mainly used by men. Consumer groups can also be formed based on the reasons for using the spas. There are consumers who are open and there are those who are not open about their attitudes towards spa services. Spas are generally used by consumers for regeneration, disease prevention and recreational reasons. Balneo cosmetics are especially bought by women, both for medical, preventive and recreational purposes, and because they consider these cosmetic products to be anti-allergenic, ie they do not fear the risk of developing allergies. In terms of openness to balneo cosmetics, there is an open and an open group for balneo cosmetics, and an open group that cannot be called open for all factors examined. The practical applicability of the research is to make medicinal waters as widely known as possible in relation to both spas and balneo cosmetics.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető "Big5" európai labdarúgó bajnokságok játékos-transzfer tevékenységének összehasonlító elemzése(2024-04-16) Bács, Bence AndrásTransfer news and events generate as much, if not more, interest than the final matches of the most prestigious cup competitions. It is not uncommon for a player's playing rights (which clubs recognise as intangible assets) to change hands for sums in excess of €10 million or even €100 million, with the outstanding revenues of the most prestigious Big 5 leagues contributing greatly to the reality of these transactions. The aim of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of player transfer activity in the Big 5 leagues, focusing on the correlations and relationships between league revenues, transfer spending and revenues, using financial and player transfer data from 2017 and onwards. In terms of the extent of transactions, it can be concluded that player transfers are crucial for the financial management, profitability and stability of football clubs. Accordingly, the highest transfer spending occurs in the leagues with the highest revenue generating capacity. In total, between 2016 and 2021 - €7.5 billion will be diverted from the Big 5 leagues.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Együttműködések szükségessége a gyógyszeripari, biotechnológiai fejlesztési folyamatokban az Észak-alföldi régióban(2024-01-15) Kiss, Balázs; Domonkos, Dávid; Felföldi, JánosOne of the leading sectors of the Hungarian Northern Great Plain region - a high capital-intensive, long-return, "high risk - high benefit" industry such as red biotechnology – was examined to see what impact its development might have and what expectations the various cooperation opportunities set for the value chain at different points. It can be stated that the industry has serious, decades-long roots in the region. At the same time, following the spiral of the "biotech industry" also comes with new challenges, and a modern, innovative university background is essential for the expansion of the sector and its establishment at all. In the 2020s, new competitors arrived, such as the vehicle and battery industries, which are also high value-added and innovation-intensive industries. In all these areas, industry clusters have been formed, with universities of the region as intellectual hubs. Along these lines, the innovation mechanisms and collaborations of the respective disciplines (biotechnology in this publication) have been renewed, modernised and strengthened, which is also important for managing risks.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Hajdú-Bihar megyei sportvállalkozások likviditási helyzete(2023-05-23) Koroknay, Zsuzsa; Bácsné Bába, ÉvaSport is one of the industries with the greatest growth potential in the world. As in any other sector, there is a growing need for measurability in sport as well as numerical support for decisions. One of the determinative decision criteria of owners and leaders is financial data, which influences the operation of the company or the assessment of investment opportunities. In present research, we examined the liquidity situation of sports enterprises in Hajdú-Bihar County. We used the OPTEN database, which contains annual reporting data for sports enterprises. In order to be more manageable, sports enterprises were grouped by revenue categories and scope of activity, along which we managed the obtained liquidity datas by aggregating and averaging. Based on the results, it can be concluded that most sports enterprises operating in the county sports sector are privately owned micro-enterprises, which have a lower turnover category and the main activity is 931 Sports services. Their liquidity position is on average favourable, they show high growth potential and they are characterized by risk-averse behaviour.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Másfél évszázad rendszerváltozásainak hatása Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg megye társadalmára (1.)(2023-05-23) Láczay, Magdolna ÉvaStarting from the mid-19th century numerous changes can be classified as systemic changes or shifts. The change of the landscape has shaped the ways lands were tilled and also caused changes in the economical structures. Then the Treaty of Trianon triggered ethnical, political, administrative and cultural changes with the new borders. The key issues of the most recent system change in 1989 the mobility of the society (and what threatens it) the survival of local traditions (and whether they are still followed) and the effects of being a border region of Hungary and the EU. The peripherical situation of the region threatens with lagging. This is threat is strengthened by the regions ethnical and social situation worsened by the decline of the educational system. Self-government is also severely damaged by the loss of local control over public bodies. Paradoxically enough, despite all system changes the life of local people improved only moderately and the region is still among the nation’s most vulnerable ones.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető szociális elszigeteltség jelenléte Hajdú-Bihar megye tanyáin(2023-05-23) Orbán, Szabolcs GergelyThe situation of those living on the homesteads has always been quite deprived, as they have to deal with a lot of obstacles every day, which is further aggravated by the fact that their social relations are typically low, which in many cases decreases with age as a result, social isolation with special characteristics may arise. The primary goal of my study was to assess the social isolation of the homestead inhabitants in Hajdú-Bihar County, and secondly, I sought the answer to what sociodemographic factors affect this objective state. The research was based on a survey conducted in all districts of the county, from the aggregated data of which it is possible to generalize to the degree of isolation of the homesteads. The results of the study show that every fifth homestead inhabitant of the study population can be considered socially isolated at some level.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető fizikai aktivitás munkaerő-piaci összefüggései(2023-05-23) Gottfried, PéterThe issue of the sustainability of health care is increasingly present in public finance debates. The concerns of nations are rising health costs, an aging population, and increasing consumption of health services. The health status of the population is not only an important factor for economic growth, but also has a direct and indirect impact on tax revenues and labor market participation. The main objective of my research was to explore the impact of health expenditure on the labor market. In my study, I’ve focused on the potential labor market effects of physical activity Physival activity plays a significant role in health promotion. Physical activity improves individual's physical abilities, including increase productivity, endurance and more effective teamwork. These factors are not only increase labor productivity, but also positively influence labor market participants and invidual employee return. I’ve been used secondary data collection during my research. The used applied method was the literature analysis. which based on domestic and international sources. The research was based on results of primary and secondary researches has carried out, in the member states of the European Union. Based on the litriture sources, I’ve found that, health can have a significant impact on labor productivity and labor supply. Health promotion contributes significantly to the success of the labor market. Physical activity, be it sport or recreation, positively influences the health of the individual’s, which is one of the key factors in returning to the labor market.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Importance of Training and Development Programs in Promoting Sustainable Consumption Behavior: An HRM Perspective(2024-02-05) Ismael, Awaz; Balogh, PéterThe increasing awareness of the impact of human activities on the environment has led to a growing interest in sustainable consumption behavior. Sustainable consumption behavior refers to the choices and actions of individuals, households, or organizations that prioritize the long-term well-being of both the environment and society while meeting their needs and desires. It involves making responsible and ethical decisions about what to consume, how much to consume, and how to consume, with the aim of minimizing negative impacts on the planet and future generations. This research aims to identify the importance of training and development programs in HRM in promoting sustainable consumption behavior. The research problem has been formulated with several questions, most notably: Do organizational training and development programs impact sustainable consumption behavior? The methodology of this study is a Systematic Literature Review of the importance of training and development programs in promoting sustainable consumption behavior. This research found that HRM can implement training and development programs focusing on sustainability to encourage sustainable behavior among employees. Such programs can include educating employees on sustainable consumption practices, promoting renewable energy sources, reducing waste, adopting a life cycle perspective, and accounting for equity dimensions.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Z generációs egyetemi hallgatók motivációjának vizsgálata a Debreceni Egyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar és Informatikai Kar hallgatói köréből vett mintán(2023-05-23) Hajdu, FranciskaNowadays, organizations place increasing emphasis on motivating employees, as the effectiveness of an organization is greatly influenced by the motivation level of the employees, knowing that a motivated employee can perform better and remain loyal to the organization. In order to motivate employees effectively, it is essential that managers are aware of the various incentives available. In this study, I focus primarily on intrinsic motivation, as it is increasingly proven that extrinsic motivation tools alone are not enough to achieve the desired level of motivation for employees. My overall goal is to assess the motivational characteristics of students in my environment, including the relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. In the first part of the article, I present the literature on intrinsic motivation, which presents the topic in a more and more practical way, adapting to the needs of the present age. In the following, I present my research using a shortened version of the Aspiration Index. A total of 470 people from the Faculty of Economics and Business and the Faculty of Informatics of the University of Debrecen took part in my quantitative research. For the evaluation of the results I used both descriptive and mathematical statistical methods. After analysing the answers, I concluded that intrinsic motivation has a greater impact on students than extrinsic motivation, but money is still an essential motivational tool. I thought there was a difference in the answers of men and women and students of different programs, which led me to the conclusion that the generation should not be treated according to a scheme, it is worth developing the methods and techniques of motivation considering the individual characteristics. In conclusion, I try to formulate suggestions for managers based on the conclusions drawn from the research results. Thereby I hope that the Z generation entering the labour market in the future will be motivated more effectively.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Méliusz Juhász Péter könyvtár helyismereti gyűjtemény és fotótárának bemutatása(2023-08-24) Nagyné Marton, AndraThe documents in our collection are indispensable sources for local history research. Our goal is to meet the demands of research. We strive to inform our users as versatile as possible about the past and present of Hajdú-Bihar County, the historical Bihar, Hajdú County and Debrecen. We collect and process documents related to the historical Bihar County, Hajdú County, Hajdú-Bihar County, Debrecen and the settlements of the county. We strive for completeness. We pay close attention to the local content produced by the local press and the publications of local people. Since 1968 we have been conducting media monitoring service from national and local newspapers, since 1990 this work has been computerized. From 2013 onwards, our “JADOX Hajdú-Bihar County Local History Collection” database is available on our website. Local book presentations, film shows, exhibitions, presentations are organized by our department. We provide local history researchers with the opportunity to present their research results.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Calculation of Social Benefits of Influenza Vaccination based on Statistical Data(2023-05-23) Vajó, Péter; Bács, ZoltánThe goal we set in our study has had no precedent either in the Hungarian or in the international literature: our intention was to quantify the effectiveness of influenza vaccination based on facts, and to define the number of non-occurred diseases as a result of vaccination. We evaluated data from the influenza season of 2018/2019 in our study. We analyzed the available data on population, vaccination and the number of diseases, and drew objective conclusions therefrom. It was a problem that the basic data appeared in different data sets for different age groups, so we had to find a consensus between them, and establish comparable age groups. Ultimately, we defined three distinct age groups: the age group of minors (0-18 years), the economically active (19-59 years) and the age group of over 60 years. These three age groups became well distinguishable by population, vaccination, and morbidity. We described the influenza disease in general, the characteristics and variability of the influenza virus. We defined the typically affected age group, the number of patients to be treated, the trends for the past 5-10 years. The presented facts, numbers, the results of the calculations, and the conclusions drawn clearly show – excluding subjectivity – the preventive effect and effectiveness of vaccination, which was quantified for the first time in Hungarian literature.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Egyetemisták sportolási szokásaira ható tényezők vizsgálata(2023-05-23) Pfau, Christa Sára; Mészáros, JánosNowadays, a health-conscious lifestyle has come to the fore, with one of their important components being leisure sports. In our research, we examined the sporting habits of Debrecen university students (n=178) and factors that may influence these habits, with an online questionnaire. We found out that 61% of respondents exercise regularly in their spare time. With the help of a fourpoint Likert scale, we examined how much influence the availability and quality of various sports services have on the students. The highest rating was given to having a friendly atmosphere (3.5), which is followed by good equipment and facilities (3.45). We analyzed how much they spend on their health and how willing they are to spend more on their health if they had more money. For nonsporting students, they more likely to be unsatisfied with their physical condition all the while they spend less on their health. Non-sporting students cited lack of time (3.49) as the greatest turn-off when questioned. A significant percentage of both groups (78.18% of sporting, 86.76% of non-sporting) would be willing to spend more on their health if they earned additional cash.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Nagykunsági származású diákok a Debreceni Református Kollégiumban 1588-tól 1850-ig(2023-05-23) Éliás, JánosThis paper’s aim is to demonstrate the presence of students from Cumania Maior in the Reformed College of Debrecen from 1588 to 1850. The five towns of this region are the following: Karcag, Kisújszállás, Kunmadaras, Kunhegyes and Túrkeve. The reason why this aspect must be researched is the geographical proximity and the influence of Debrecen, because the College controlled the mentioned towns’ education; moreover, the leaders of Cumania Maior are educated in the College, too. The list of these Cumanian students is not elaborated before, so further research is necessary and worthy. The paper introduces the presence of Cumania Maior in the education system, centered in Debrecen, and the students’ frequency, further lives and works of them. The research is based on Series Studiorum in schola Debrecina Helveticae Confessionis Addictorum and the database of János Bakóczi. The database, which was created from the former two, is completed with the individual towns’ Reformed Church records. There are 369 students whose data was put into a 17-column table, and this table was the base of the diagrams. After deducting conclusions, it is considered that the students of Cumania Maior were an essential part of this education-system which is shown in the students’ further lives.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető térségi turizmusfejlesztés szervezeti- és fogyasztói piaci aspektusai az Alsó-Ipoly mentén(2023-03-20) Kóródi, Márta; Mondok, Anita; Sánta, Ádám KálmánDepending on the macro-level management of tourism, whether a top-down or a bottom-up or integrated tourism development method is applied, the assessment of the organizational and consumer market is an integral part of the status quo analysis. Coordination the stakeholders of the organizational market could be the task of a TDM, however, the linear extent and network of settlements, the specific location, and the unfavourable demographic characteristics raise a number of problems. The study summarizes the results of a research to make foundation for a tourism development concept, outlining the similarities and differences between the two stakeholder groups regarding the tourism needs of the given area. It also covers the preferred types of tourism and the services that make up each tourism product (absolute value, ranking and the ratio to the average). The Lower-Ipoly region can occupy a special position in the tourism market in some aspects (water, bicycle and ecotourism) by combining special product and destination development, as well as experience management and perhaps visitor management elements. Although the limited resources of the organizational market confine the realization of consumer ideas, the success of development is influenced by the demarcation of boundaries, which is a qualitative rather than a quantitative issue and is related to segmentation and differentiated supply. The organizational functions of the destination management are performed by the leading organization of the project currently being implemented. Thus, due to the overlapping maintenance periods, if the projects are sufficiently coordinated, continuous tourism coordination will take place even in the absence of a TDM organization. The results of the consumer market research show that solving the problems arising from limited natural resources requires a significant change in market behaviour not only for tourism service providers, but also for tourists.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető magyar labdarúgó-bajnokság fejlődésének elemzése a játékospiacon keresztül(2023-05-23) Balogh, Renátó; Bácsné Bába, ÉvaHungarian football has developed significantly since 2010, based on the state of the infrastructure or the number of footballers. As a result of the success of sports in recent years, we have been asked whether this positive change has also happened in the case of the football league. Document analysis was applied in the research, thus statistics from transfermarkt site were collected and processed. Based on this, we compared the OTP Bank League with the Czech Fortuna League. Based on the research results the Hungarian football league has gone a significant change in recent years, but it is still not among the top 30 European leagues. We can see negative trends, whether we look at the rate of foreign players or the transfer balance in recent seasons. In conclusion, we cannot talk about its general development in the case of the Hungarian football league, the club's success is mainly due to the higher quality and market value of foreign players.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető megújuló energiaforrásokkal foglalkozó Európai Uniós pályázatok térbeli jellegzetességei az Észak-Alföldi régióban a 2014-2020 közötti költségvetési periódusban(2023-05-23) Badar, Zoltán; Kozma, GáborIn the recent period, the use of renewable energy sources has received increasing emphasis both in the European Union and in Hungary. Building on the successes of the recent decades, the European Union and Hungarian documents have set increasingly ambitious objectives. European Union subsidies play a very important role in the financing of investments, and in the spirit of this, the aim of the study is to present the spatial characteristics of projects supporting the use of renewable energy sources in one specific region of Hungary, in the Northern Great Plain region. As a result of the research, on the one hand, the influencing role of three factors can be detected. The effect of socioeconomic development was observed at both county and district levels, and in the case of settlements the number of population and the administrative role (existence of a district center) can be mentioned. On the other hand, the study also revealed that there are significant differences between the spatial characteristics of the two operational programs supporting the use of renewable energy sources (Regional and Settlement Development Operational Program, Environmental and Energy Efficiency Operational Program).Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető pálinka helyzete Magyarországon. Problémák és lehetőségek(2023-05-23) Harcsa, Imre MilánDistillation has centuries-old traditions in Hungary. A brief international outlook will also present the private distillation practices of the surrounding countries. Pálinka is a Hungaricum product produced by exclusively in commercial distilleries. In our country it is possible to make in subcontractdistilleries or at home, however, the product made in this way can only be called distillate and cannot be marketed. Over the last ten years, the legal framework governing the production of pálinka has changed very often, affecting the operators in the sector in different ways. Statistical information on each type of distilling will be presented, with special emphasis on the tax exemption period. Using known data from subcontract distilling, it was found that a HUF 52.1 billion deficit arose from the abolition of excise duty. The 0% excise tax resulted in a boom in subcontract distillation, with a neutral, partly negative effect on commercial distilling. The number of home distillers started to grow extraordinarily, and after the tax was restored, about 50,000 to 70,000 people disappeared from the ranks of subcontractors. Based on secondary sources, I have identified problems in the sector that need to be resolved. Furthermore, I outline the opportunities that are available but are not being used enough.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Ipar 4.0 szemléletű tesztelés és validálás kialakításának hatásai az elektronikai gyártásban(2024-02-05) Kovács, Bence; Husi, GézaThe continuous demand increase of electronic items challenges the electronic manufacturing companies. The economic and manufacturing challenges, and the Industry 4.0 based solutions of having a great product portfolio of a regional, original equipment manufacturer are presented in this study. The acquirement and the implementation of the principles of Industry 4.0 results a new production environment, but the positive effects of that can be demonstrated from financial and production efficiency sides. The mindset change of the test and validation area of an electronic company, and the steps required to achieve Industry 4.0 based test solutions are presented in this article. You can read about the practical implementation of a pioneering technology in the field of informatics, Big Data oriented data processing in a real manufacturing environment. The changes related to hardware and software design and data acquisition are presented, also you can read about the resulting cost saving, production efficiency improvement and product output growth of the study.