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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Környezettudatos vállalatok együttműködésének koordinációs lehetőségei Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén vármegyében(2024-11-20) Metszősy, Gabriella; Faludi, TamásThe 21st century has seen significant changes in supply chain management. Chains with an increased number of members are now considered more like networks in the literature. Cooperation between members, coordination and synchronisation of processes have become increasingly difficult. In addition, supply chains are increasingly expected to apply environmentally friendly systems, technologies and processes. The increasing levels of pollution and the decreasing levels of non-renewable resources are also indicative of the changes in business. The objectives of organisations, and therefore of supply chains and networks, include the use of environmentally friendly solutions, but this also complicates the operation of companies and thus has an impact on coordination between members. Therefore, we have focused on a coordination solution that can effectively support supply chain coordination based on literature. Contracts are potentially a good solution for member coordination, and therefore the focus of our study is on the potential of contracts as a means of coordination in a business sphere where environmental awareness is a high demand. Thus, our study aims to establish a group of experts who are decision makers in firms with high levels of environmental awareness. Based on their preferences and using the AHP method, we would like to develop a decision support model that would help to propose a contract that coordinates the partnership at the appropriate level, taking into account the characteristics, expectations and attitudes of environmentally aware companies.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Sikeres üzleti kapcsolatok kialakítása és fenntartása a Debreceni Egyetemnél: az intézmények közötti kommunikáció jelentősége(2025-10-17) Kiss, Anikó Ilona; Soós, MihályIn the B2B sector, communication between individual organizations has undoubtedly always played a significant role. However, the changes of recent years have also significantly changed the structure and operation of certain higher education institutions, which has brought with it an increase in openness to the business world. Communication is one of the pillars of establishing successful business relationships, but traditional communication models are not always able to meet the dynamic needs of the modern business environment. Not only universities can benefit from improving communication processes and tools adapted to these expectations, but it can also be beneficial for students participating in higher education. In this research, we set the objective to explore what communication processes are currently taking place between institutions. In order to achieve our goal, we conducted qualitative research, as this allowed us to gain deeper insight into the position represented by companies on the topic. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with the partner institutions of the University of Debrecen in the second half of 2024 and in January 2025. During the discussions, the effectiveness of communication platforms in terms of maintaining contact with the university and other business actors was explored. The interviews highlighted that partners primarily consider the website and email to be the most reliable sources of information, while social media platforms (such as Facebook and LinkedIn) also play a significant role in day-to-day communication. In addition, personal meetings and networking events remain indispensable for building trust, and the importance of connections based on trade fairs and recommendations was also confirmed when it comes to reaching new partners. The findings clearly reveal both a need for and an openness towards developing new, multi-channel and targeted communication models that align with the specific characteristics of the domestic and international B2B sector. Alongside traditional tools (e.g., phone, email), the more conscious and strategic use of modern digital platforms may contribute to managing future relationships more effectively and strengthening the institution’s image.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Keglevich család tornai arisztokrata rezidenciája(2024-11-20) Janura, Tomáš; Haviarová, MichaelaThe walled residence was built by Nicholas (III.) Keglevich (*1630 †1692), who was promoted to the Count-ship in 1646 and to the Baron-ship in 1687. In the years 1649 - 1692 he held the head position of the Turna County. Nicholas was significantly involved in anti-Ottoman battles, especially at the Interzimur and Somogy counties. Only the perimeter wall and two corner cylindrical bastions have been preserved from the manor built to this day. In the middle of the 18th century the mansion passed into the hands of Count Joseph (II.) Keglevich (*1729 †1798), who at the beginning of his career served as a valet in the court of Archduke and later Emperor Joseph II. He spent ten years in the diplomatic service as a legate in the courts of Madrid and St. Petersburg alongside the Austrian envoy of Count Nicholas Eszterházy. In the years 1767 - 1798 he held the position of the head of the Turna county, in the years 1772 - 1794 he was one of the guardians of the Hungarian crown and in the years 1794 - 1795 the office of the Hungarian royal stableman. In 1771, Maria Theresa awarded him the Commander‘s Cross of the Order of St. Stephen. Jozef (II.) Keglevich had the family manor house rebuilt in 1770. At that time the old residential wing almost completely redeveloped and built a new one, while the eastern wing was rebuilt. The construction activities resulted in the current one-wing northern wing with flat ceilings. They created the rooms without any decoration, with only white paint and black plinth.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Green Supply Chain Management and Sustainable Performance: The Role of Green Marketing in The Jordanian Food Industry(2024-11-20) AL khatib, Saleh; Alzu'bi, RamaThe importance of green and sustainable operations has been at the forefront of research for supply chain (SC), performance, and marketing. Previous studies have reported defragmented results about these relationships and there is a paucity of literature regarding the moderating role of green marketing (GM) on the green supply chain management (GSCM) and sustainable performance (SP) relationship. To address this research gap, this study aims to identify the impact of GSCM on SP, and the moderating role of GM on this relationship in a developing economy context. Research hypotheses have been tested using 112 questionnaires. Regression analysis is performed to evaluate assumed direct and indirect relationships. Research results revealed a positive impact of GSCM and GM on the SP. Moreover, the moderating role of GM on the GSCM-SP relationship was partially supported. Collectively, these findings provide a theory-based understanding of the GSCM-SP and GM interactions. Hence, this study will be useful for SC and marketing managers who are highly engaged in green and sustainable operations.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Összehasonlító tanulmány: a catvertising hatása az online vásárlásra az Észak- és Dél-Alföld régiókban(2025-10-17) Szabó, Janka; Fehér, AndrásThe article examines the impact of catvertising on online shopping behavior in the Northern and Southern Great Plain Regions. Catvertising is a term derived from the English words "cat" and "advertising," and it refers to advertising campaigns that feature cats. The literature review primarily focused on catvertising, online marketing, and online shopping habits, utilizing both domestic and international sources. Furthermore, in our secondary research, we aimed to understand the emotional effects of catvertising by studying foreign psychological and neurological studies. The primary research was conducted using quantitative methods, specifically through an online questionnaire, which analyzed responses from 342 participants. Based on the responses, we analyzed differences in online shopping habits depending on whether or not a cat was featured in the advertisement, demonstrating the comparative nature of the study. The results suggest that advertisements featuring cats enhance brand recall success, particularly for product categories related to pet ownership.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Digitális érettség vizsgálata egy Hajdú-Bihar vármegyei könyvelőiroda ügyfélkörében(2025-10-17) Bogdán, Mihály; Popovics, PéterThe development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is of key importance from a national economic perspective, especially in the field of digitalization, as they play a significant role in Hungary's economy. The main objective of the research is to assess the digital maturity of SMEs within the client base of an accounting office in Hajdú-Bihar County, which can provide useful feedback to these businesses regarding their level of digital development. To date, no such study focusing specifically on businesses in the Hajdúság region has been published. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire based on the question set of the Digiméter research series, which evaluates businesses across six dimensions: digital presence, digital everyday operations, business management, sales and marketing, digital finance, and IT security. Based on the results, it can be stated that the companies participating in the study show a low level of digital maturity, with digital finance being the only area considered to be well-developed.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Külföldi munkavállalók megjelenése a magyarországi munkaerőpiacon(2025-11-23) Csástyu, LillaThis study aims to examine the impact of foreign labour on the Hungarian labour market. According to international literature, the economic impact of migration is complex: in the long term, it is generally positive, but in the short term it may negatively affect certain groups, especially those with lower qualifications. In the case of Hungary, I rely on regional and county-level data provided by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO), Eurostat and the OECD. Particular attention is given to the Northern Great Plain region, where qualitative labour shortages are characteristic. Based on the results, the labour market effects of migration in Hungary are differentiated and vary by region and level of education.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A tervezés mint vezetési feladat szerepe a szervezeti változásokban – észak-alföldi szervezetek empirikus vizsgálata(2025-12-01) Gál, ZsuzsaOrganizational change today represents an unavoidable challenge for all organizations, in which leaders play a key role. Planning as a management task is not merely a technical tool but also a strategic process that determines how organizations are able to adapt to changes arising in their external and internal environments. The aim of the present study was to explore how planning contributes to the successful management of change and how it influences organizational transformation in institutions of the North Plain Region. The empirical investigation was based on a sample of 236 respondents, including a diverse range of organizational types. Beyond descriptive statistics, correlation analyses were conducted to uncover the relationship between planning practices and change management. The findings reveal that planning is not merely as an administrative duty but as a strategic management tool that enhances organizational flexibility and long-term adaptability. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of organizational change practices and may serve as practical guidance for leaders in the planning and implementation of change.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A fogyasztók szegmentálása környezettudatos magatartás mentén- egy magyar minta alapján(2025-11-23) Török, Barbara; Kiss, Marietta; Kiss, Virág ÁgnesSustainability is becoming increasingly relevant in economic, social and governmental spheres and functions, so the examination of environmentally conscious behaviour is also a priority in marketing. This research therefore focuses on sustainability, especially on the environmental pillar, with the aim of exploring how social groups can be differentiated in the field of environmental protection based on the behaviour and habits of individuals. In addition to descriptive statistical calculations and cross-tabulation analyses of data from an online questionnaire survey, the study used a revised set of 32 statements based on the GEB (General Ecological Behaviour) Scale to measure consumers’ environmental attitudes and behaviour, of which 24 statements were retained for factor analysis. Factor analysis resulted in the identification of seven reliable factors representing different dimensions of environmental behaviour and their associated values. After that, in the cluster analysis, respondents were grouped according to the previously established factors, which allowed the exploration of different attitudes and behavioural patterns for six different clusters (Green consumers, Community environmentalists, Liability avoiders, Passive individuals, Environmental impact reducers, Unpredictable individuals). The results show that there is still a significant number of consumers who have not or only partially introduced environmentally conscious habits into their daily actions. The results of this research may contribute to a deeper understanding of environmentally conscious behaviour and to better adapt sustainability initiatives to the specificities of different consumer groups.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az egészségturizmus fejlesztési trendjei és lehetséges alternatívái a területiegyenlőtlenségek csökkentésére(2025-11-23) Gabriella, Helmeczi; Magdolna, LáczayHealth tourism has become one of the key segments of the tourism industry in recent years, with significant economic and social impacts. It plays an important role in prevention, promoting healthy lifestyles, and improving access to medical services. At the same time, the geographical concentration of health tourism services poses a serious challenge: people living in peripheral areas are often unable to take advantage of these opportunities, which contributes to the deepening of social inequalities. The aim of the study is to explore the inequalities in access to health tourism services, especially spas, in rural areas. In June 2025, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey involving 109 people, focusing on Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County. The study is pilot in nature and the sample is not representative, which limits its generalizability but provides important guidance for future research with larger sample sizes. The data were evaluated using cross-tabulation analysis, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. With our work, we would like to explore alternative proposals and possibilities, thereby contributing to the reduction of social and regional disparities.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Regionális eltérések a munkahelyi motiváció megítélésében(2025-10-17) Pelyák, LejlaThe unpredictable labour market environment is forcing more and more organisations to look for sustainable long-term solutions to secure their workforce. Increasing employee satisfaction, which can largely be achieved through the application of appropriate motivational factors, is a key issue. The aim of the research is to explore whether regional differences in employee motivation and expectations at work make a difference. Using primary and secondary methods, I investigated the importance of individual motivational factors and whether there are regional differences in employee preferences. Descriptive statistical methods, correlation and cross-tabulation analysis were used to analyse the data (n=280) collected by questionnaire method. The results showed that respect and esteem were the most influential factors in Hunt's theory of goal motivation, especially in metropolitan settings. In contrast, Herzberg's hygiene factors were found to play a greater role for workers in smaller municipalities. Regional differences show that workers' expectations are adapted to environmental characteristics. The regional differences are mainly reflected in the fact that some factors are more important in smaller settlements (belonging), while other factors are more important for workers in metropolitan areas (stability, self-development).Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Az élelmiszerpazarlás mértékének és okainak vizsgálata a hazai háztartások körében(2025-11-23) Vida, Viktória; Varga-Karádi, Nóra MagdolnaFood waste is one of the most serious global problems of the 21st century, affecting the environment, the economy, and society alike. Nearly one-third of the food produced worldwide ends up in the trash every year, while hundreds of millions of people suffer from malnutrition or starvation. In developed countries, waste is mainly linked to consumer habits, while in developing regions it is linked to infrastructure deficiencies. This phenomenon not only poses moral and economic challenges, but also has serious environmental impacts. In Hungary, hundreds of thousands of tons of food end up in the trash every year, much of which could be prevented through conscious purchasing, proper storage, and rethinking food consumption. Mitigating the problem requires a complex change in mindset on the part of both consumers and food chain operators, while education and technological innovation play a key role in the solution.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető letűnt világ bürokratáinak porlepte bűnjelei…” Selejtezés és iratmentés Szolnok megyében, az 1950-es években(2023-05-23) Mucsi, LászlóDisposal of public records is an ordinary element of document management, which is also practiced nowadays by various organizations. The arrangement of disposal depends on the own records schedules of the offices, authorities and institutions and the County Archives can review this process. was formed for the first time in the Hungarian history in the 1950s, when the government attempted to regulate the integrated order of disposal of public records. However the regulations were not detailed, prudent and therefore appropriate enough,so the officials could hardly distinguish the „long-term value records” and the worthless documents. Furthermore there were local cadres, who did not even know these regulations. At the same time, after the Second World War there was a huge selection of records supported by the government, because of the lack of paper. The main standing-point has become the quantity, independently of the quality of the wasted historical papers. Political aspects also appeared during the process. For example, a newsreel from 1953 promoted the disposal as it was a good opportunity to destroy the „dusty corpus delictis of the bygone world’s bureaucrats” meaning the documents originated before 1945. For these reasons a lot of valuable documents were transported to the Papermill of Szolnok as recyclable raw material. Archivist Antal Szedő wrote several reports on the large amount of important scripts he found there. For example in 1950 Szedő found 2000 kilograms of valuable documents originated from Debrecen from the 18th and 19th century. There were also cases in the County of Szolnok, where councils made irresponsible decisions during the selection. Once archivists found old and estimable documents (including protocols from the 19th century) of Jászalsószentgyörgy, Kenderes and Besenyszög in the By-product and Waste Utilization Company of Szolnok. Unfortunately not all records could be rescued, so probably a lot of relevant ones were destructed in 1950s.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető túlzott mértékű turizmus hatásmenedzsmentje európai fővárosokban(2023-05-23) Szőllős-Tóth, AndreaThe main objective of this study is to analyse the cases of the most visited European capitals and the ones most affected by the overtourism phenomenon through the analysis of tourism in Europe. The focus of my work is to identify the actions planned or being implemented to overcome the difficulties caused by the overcrowding of tourists. I present international best practices from European capitals that have proved to be good in dealing with the situation and cases of destinations that are prepared for the emergence of overtourism based on the measures that have been implemented. Overtourism was a serious problem for many destinations before the pandemic, and once the pandemic ends, it is likely that the crowding caused by the presence of tourists will become common again. By using the results of this research, destinations can be better prepared for the arrival of tourists, with suggestions for solutions that can be used in the destinations if the number of tourists approaches or reaches the limits of social or environmental tolerance again.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A térségi turizmusfejlesztés szervezeti- és fogyasztói piaci aspektusai az Alsó-Ipoly mentén(2023-03-20) Kóródi, Márta; Mondok, Anita; Sánta, Ádám KálmánDepending on the macro-level management of tourism, whether a top-down or a bottom-up or integrated tourism development method is applied, the assessment of the organizational and consumer market is an integral part of the status quo analysis. Coordination the stakeholders of the organizational market could be the task of a TDM, however, the linear extent and network of settlements, the specific location, and the unfavourable demographic characteristics raise a number of problems. The study summarizes the results of a research to make foundation for a tourism development concept, outlining the similarities and differences between the two stakeholder groups regarding the tourism needs of the given area. It also covers the preferred types of tourism and the services that make up each tourism product (absolute value, ranking and the ratio to the average). The Lower-Ipoly region can occupy a special position in the tourism market in some aspects (water, bicycle and ecotourism) by combining special product and destination development, as well as experience management and perhaps visitor management elements. Although the limited resources of the organizational market confine the realization of consumer ideas, the success of development is influenced by the demarcation of boundaries, which is a qualitative rather than a quantitative issue and is related to segmentation and differentiated supply. The organizational functions of the destination management are performed by the leading organization of the project currently being implemented. Thus, due to the overlapping maintenance periods, if the projects are sufficiently coordinated, continuous tourism coordination will take place even in the absence of a TDM organization. The results of the consumer market research show that solving the problems arising from limited natural resources requires a significant change in market behaviour not only for tourism service providers, but also for tourists.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A városi közösségi közlekedés vonzóbbá tételének lehetősége(2023-05-23) Tóth, SzabolcsUrban transport today sets a significant challenge to its residents. The increase in passenger car traffic, which has increased significantly in recent years due to the pandemic situation, also shows that the population is rather committed to private transport then using public transport. In order to create a livable urban life, urgent steps need to be taken to ensure that urban mobility remains sustainable as expected by the population. Fo this, several tools are available to city leaders. These could include the use of micromobility devices, the introduction of sharing-based systems and measures to restrict car traffic. In addition, the development of public transport and the diversion of the population in this direction are obvious. Most major cities today are working in this direction by developing these networks and services in order to improve the accessibility and attractiveness of these transport systems. Several major European cities have made public transport partially or completely free in order to maximize public use. This effort is not unknown in Hungary either, as a significant part of the population has been able to use this form of transport free of charge for several decades. However, if full free service is introduced, it will be necessary to examine its effects from an economic and social point of view.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A rövid ellátási láncok szerepe és lehetőségei – különös tekintettel a Hajdú-Bihar megyei szerveződésekre(2023-05-23) Kovács, EvelinAn important basis for the development of new rural development practices is the re-creation of supply chains. SFSCs (Short Food Supply Chain) are also capable of breaking the system of long, complex industrial chains. In the case of SFSCs, producer-consumer relations are “shortened” and redefined. After exploring the literature, I came to the conclusion that short supply chains are receiving more and more attention nowadays, and more and more forms of operation are appearing in Hungary as well. The promotion of local products has been helped by a number of programs in recent years. I have found that the international literature presents the operation of RELs in the form of a case study. The primary aim of the study was to search for international examples that can form a basis of comparison for the organizations operating in Hungary, especially in Hajdú-Bihar County. After that, I presented specific networks operating in Hajdú-Bihar county, four networks were identified. Finally, I discussed the results of a questionnaire survey between REL members. In summary, 80% of the respondents believe in the viability and economical operation of RELs. Most identified the development of information technology as an area of operation to be developed. Farmers would be willing to strengthen direct sales in order to make product production economical. 88% of producers sell in local, producer markets. They are basically satisfied with the functioning of the producer market and also consider it economically satisfactory to sell on the producer market.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A csoportos órákat tartó fitneszedzők képzettségének vizsgálata debreceni fitneszklubokban(2023-05-23) Bartha, Éva Judit; Pfau, Christa Sára; Szőke, Réka; Müller, Anetta; Bácsné Bába, ÉvaFitness workouts are easily accessible for everyone, and there are numerous types of fitness centers which can play an important role in everyday physical activity. There are many factors that can influence the choice of fitness consumers for the gym, also fitness professionals play a key role in this regard. It is essential for fitness clubs in order to remain competitive on the market, to employ fitness instructors with the optimal personality and expertise, but in many cases, there is a lack of verification of qualifications. In our study, we conducted interviews with 20 fitness instructors who work in a fitness center that offers group lessons to consumers. The interview included questions about trainers highest qualifications, qualifications related to trainer work and the extent to which this is monitored by their employers. Most of the interviewed trainers have OKJ qualifications, but the results reflect that fitness providers have not checked their qualifications at all before applying them. Controlling the qualifications be in the interest of fitness clubs, not only avoiding accidents, but also increasing attendance at group classes by employing reliable, excellent personal trainers.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A megújuló energiaforrásokkal foglalkozó Európai Uniós pályázatok térbeli jellegzetességei az Észak-Alföldi régióban a 2014-2020 közötti költségvetési periódusban(2023-05-23) Badar, Zoltán; Kozma, GáborIn the recent period, the use of renewable energy sources has received increasing emphasis both in the European Union and in Hungary. Building on the successes of the recent decades, the European Union and Hungarian documents have set increasingly ambitious objectives. European Union subsidies play a very important role in the financing of investments, and in the spirit of this, the aim of the study is to present the spatial characteristics of projects supporting the use of renewable energy sources in one specific region of Hungary, in the Northern Great Plain region. As a result of the research, on the one hand, the influencing role of three factors can be detected. The effect of socioeconomic development was observed at both county and district levels, and in the case of settlements the number of population and the administrative role (existence of a district center) can be mentioned. On the other hand, the study also revealed that there are significant differences between the spatial characteristics of the two operational programs supporting the use of renewable energy sources (Regional and Settlement Development Operational Program, Environmental and Energy Efficiency Operational Program).Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Hajdú-Bihar megyei sportvállalkozások likviditási helyzete(2023-05-23) Koroknay, Zsuzsa; Bácsné Bába, ÉvaSport is one of the industries with the greatest growth potential in the world. As in any other sector, there is a growing need for measurability in sport as well as numerical support for decisions. One of the determinative decision criteria of owners and leaders is financial data, which influences the operation of the company or the assessment of investment opportunities. In present research, we examined the liquidity situation of sports enterprises in Hajdú-Bihar County. We used the OPTEN database, which contains annual reporting data for sports enterprises. In order to be more manageable, sports enterprises were grouped by revenue categories and scope of activity, along which we managed the obtained liquidity datas by aggregating and averaging. Based on the results, it can be concluded that most sports enterprises operating in the county sports sector are privately owned micro-enterprises, which have a lower turnover category and the main activity is 931 Sports services. Their liquidity position is on average favourable, they show high growth potential and they are characterized by risk-averse behaviour.