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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Napjaink gazdasági válságának bemutatása és hatásának vizsgálata a mikro-, kis-, és középvállalati szektorban három mezőgazdasági vállalkozás példáján keresztül(2024-02-19) Egri, NikolettDuring the past decades, the unpredictability of the growth and the cyclic oscillation were constantly present in developed market economies. Crises and permanent recessions always took place in the history of the economy. However, today’s crisis has exceeded every expectation; it has affected the whole world so deeply that it has not really recovered from the crisis so far. Unfortunately, the global financial crisis has also reached Hungary like an international storm and which effect the enterprises began to feel more and more, especially the micro, small, and medium enterprises, which because of their small size and low participation in the market are more unprotected from the changes of the market (MURAKÖZY, 2010). Now, it is the biggest drawback for the sector of the small and medium enterprises in the competition that it is difficult to get access to the external financing sources. The reason for this is that the willingness of the banks to credit large and medium enterprises has decreased dramatically because of the recent economical crisis, which could be also felt in the case of the crediting of the micro and small enterprises. To fulfill my goals, I have examined the effect of the economical crisis on Szabó Lajos, individual entrepreneur, the Módos Ltd. and the Kösely Plc. After my research, I came to the conclusion that all of these enterprises are affected by the general problems of the sector of the small and medium enterprises, however, they react in different ways to the difficulties caused by the crisis.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető településfejlesztés lakossági igényei Nagycsécsen(2024-02-19) Pleszkó, RékaThe local government has less and less possibilities of establishing efficient development programmes, especially when it faces lack of resources and there are not sufficient financial means available required for operation. In my thesis I will look into the possibilities or tenders through which a village at such a disadvantage may find resources needed for development. Recognition of problems the village people focus on is essential when a development programme determining the direction of development is to be established. I revealed these problems in a public-opinion poll based on a questionnaire carried out between 8-21 February 2010. In the full knowledge of the problems revealed a transparent and feasible development programme can be drawn up. In addition to the reveal of the problems, some further pretensions of village people also appeared. In case these expectations are fulfilled the village can become more livable and likeable. Among the village people polled the young people have missed development that could provide new prospects for young and economically active families. Middle-aged people have called attention to the public safety that has become more and more worse, to the lowest real estate prices as well as to the stagnant number of active businesses. Elder people have emphasized the preservation of traditions and they have also called attention to the need of an old people’s home as a profitable investment. A development programme established in light of the village people’s expectations and the realization of such a programme can serve as experience for other villages at such a disadvantage.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető reálopciók alkalmazása a pénzügyekben(2024-02-19) Nagy, EnikőNowadays, the main purpose of the firms to increase the corporate wealth and value. In order to be able to measure the business value creation, that is, the growth compared to the previous values, it is necessary that we can properly assess the company's current value. The investors also want to know how to increase the value of their investments, which yield can be achieved by the investment. Traditionally, the discounted cash flow method, which is used in valuations of the company and the investment. This method is useful in most cases but there are cases in which the optional future opportunities linked to the assessment, may need to be addressed in the uncertainty. In such cases began to be utilized the financial option pricing methods to solve the valuation of assets. The article presents a company valuation model, in which the starting value is the free cash flow of the company. Then, using the estimated company's asset value, the company's market value has been determined by way of the combination of the real option valuation and the two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation. The model is tested using data of a public quoted company in the Budapest Stock Exchange. To solve the model was used the real option valuation and the simulation facilities of the R statistical program. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the results of the model using the „Greeks” as well.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Tanyák a XXI. században(2024-02-19) Kürtösi, MónikaThe homestead is a living-area and family-supporting job, which has built on the honour of the traditions, the renewing and still everlasting experiences of the generations. Millions of hungarian people, plenty of the generations has grown up in homesteads and still nowadays more than quarter million hungarians live in rural areas. The homestead, the connected township-system and the type of the farming is part of the world heritage, to keep it existing, renewing and build it up again is the real national interest. My researches are funded on one sort of asking and observing: I used interviews. During collecting of these primer datas I got opportunity beside knowing the facts to listen to the personal oppinion of the people, who live here, and to get personal delineated experiences about the life in homesteads. The most important conclusion, which I have drawn, that we can not leave this lifestyle to edge out, because it belongs to our national speciality. We just can not walk away without realizing the opportunity of changing, we must support the capable homesteads. To make sure, the help can reach the appropriate areas, we are in time to establish a sustainable, usable information-system.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Mangalicatermelők vizsgálata bootstrap mintavételezés alkalmazásával(2024-02-19) Pocsai, KrisztinaAs domestic demand for traditional products has increased again, it is reasonable to see mangalica products with delicious taste and high pleasure value to become conspicuous. The species is in its renaissance and there are increasing number of farms dealing with mangalica production. The governing idea of my research was to collect information from the interviewed producers about their viewpoints on the possibilities of their own businesses and the industry, and to see what kind of specific ideas and suggestions they have. Another main purpose was to examine whether it is possible to get results that are corresponding to the national numbers by the application of bootstrap sampling from small, self collected data (13 producers). The calculated parameters – in connection with the sow flock and the annually produced number of pigs for slaughter – were mean, median and standard deviation. The main point of this procedure is to improve the accuracy of the estimation and to estimate the distribution of errors mainly in small sample cases. Using the available sample, I concluded from the results that compared to the sampling population I could determine a wider interval in both cases of arguments.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Tenyészállat előállító sertéstelepek összehasonlító vizsgálata túlélés-elemzéssel(2024-02-19) Soltész, AngélaThere is a world wide tendency in pig breeding that increasing productivity of the sows resulted in a shorter longevity thus the culling rate increased above the acceptable level. The author analyzed the productive and survival performances of sows kept at two nucleus pig herds of Hajdú-Bihar county using the same genotype and feeding technology. Based on performance records of 9288 sows the lifetime performances were compared between the herds. The production at the two herds substantially differed which was caused by the herds’ characteristics. The differences are probably caused by factors such as time of establishments (condition), commitment of the workers and the herd managers’ qualities. Evaluating these factors in detail may help the pig farmers obtaining higher income thus establishing the possibility of efficient production.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Mennyire környezettudatosak az egyes Hajdú-Bihar megyei élelmiszer-gazdasági vállala-tok?(2024-02-19) Molnár, GabriellaThe population of the world is rising in such quickly measure that the increased require of food loads even bigger burden to the food production in connection with quantity and quality question. The intensive production demands more and more energy and raw material use, but so the harmful material emission is growing as well. In my study I analyzed the impact of environmental pollution of the food economy sector then I worked out an industrial ecology model which could be a solution to the divulged environmental problems in Hajdú-Bihar County. Finally with the help of questionnaire I examined the environmental-conscious attitude of the food economy companies in Hajdú-Bihar County and the opportunity (advantage, disadvantage) of realization of an industrial ecology system.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Szolgáltatásnyújtás az ITIL módszertan ajánlásainak megfelelően(2024-02-19) Kupai, BoglárkaConventional methods aimed at cutting costs and work force reduction are becoming more frequent during the period of recession. Although, the may not be the most expedient manners. Management can financially benefit by making decisions based on the recommendations of frameworks. IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is such a methodology, which contains de facto standards, best practices. An organization can create its service desk, managing incidents according to these commendations. During my research project, I intended to get to know if these best practices are really operative in practice, how the ideal number of employees can be determined, and if the service level and availability can be assured. The economical operation of a firm can be obtained and preserved in different ways. The main standpoint for customers is to get the expected level of service for an agreed price.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Civilek és a döntés(2024-02-19) Pierog, AnitaThe objective of my research he was, that, let me examine the decision situations of the civil sphere, and the factors influencing the decision. Several of the draughtings of the decision exist in the literature. Stems from this, that everybody may interpret it some other way, for his own values and his notion adequately. I drew it up in such a way based on these that the decision is a process, which is different on his row between opportunities, we make a choice, and what has a some kind of consequence, and it is necessary to bear his consequences looking at ourselves. The civil sphere works some other way in many looks, than the business world. This stems from the fact that his members, his leaders make this activity beside the capital occupation of these organisations in most cases. I established what kind of factors influence the decision of the organisations' leaders based on my examinations, what kind of expectations they want to be equal to, how the decisions are made, what kind of feedbacks the decisions receive his effects.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Mérsékelt kockázatú befektetési alapok vagyonának és árfolyamának stabilitása és hosszú emlékezete(2024-02-19) Somogyi, Balázs IstvánIn my study I investigate the long memory property of medium-risk investment fund assets and prices including money market, long-term bond and real estate funds in the analysed period. Taking the results of my study into cinsideration, the investors can gain such an additional infomation that could establish creating a finacial portfolio. For my analysis I chose only one fund from each fund type (money market, long-term bond, real estate) of the five leading banks regarding their net asset values, data were downloaded from the Web site of the BAMOSZ (Association of Hungarian Investment Fund Managers) between 2005-01-20 and 2011-06-27. Downloaded data were first analysed by using line charts then both the prices and assets of all funds have been analysed regarding normality, stacionarity and the correlograms of these time series were also studied. Among the long memory analysing methods I chose the Rescaled Range (R/S) method for estimating the Hurst exponents. The gained results showed that asset changes have the long memory property considering all type of funds. Taking the price changes into consideration, it can also be stated that apart form one or two exceptions the long memory property can be provable. The knowledge about the funds’ long or short memory property can provide such an information to the investors which could facilitate the establishment of the investment strategy and could improve the find of the entry point.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Rövid vágásfordulójú nemesnyár energiaültetvények gazdasági értékelése Hajdú-Bihar megyében(2024-02-19) Gabnai, ZoltánSmall and medium-sized holdings engaged in crop production face major difficulties these days, which makes it necessary for the producers to try to utilise the lands they handle as reasonably as possible, making use of the characteristics of the terrain. As for producing traditional field crops, due to the weather-related and market risks the farmers’ activities are often only made profitable by the subsidies they receive, therefore in my opinion it would be reasonable to encourage the usage of alternative land utilisation methods. One such option is the production of energy plants, and in particular woody energy plantations, which are suitable for reducing these risks, although due to their plantation-like characteristics they narrow the sowing structure of the holdings, and require cooperation or the renting of harvesting machines because of the special machinery requirements of harvesting. The area that I examined is the city of Derecske and its environs, where experiments involving poplar species are actually going on, thus the data regarding investment and operation were available to me. We can say that the quality of the energy poplar’s cultivation area in the given holding is worse than the area’s average, which underpins the assumption that these plantations can mainly be competitive where the conditions of production are worse. In my paper I examine models in order to find out what economic conditions are needed for an energy plantation of poplars, with a rotation period of two years, to be competitive as compared to a frequently used crop rotation typical to the area. Under the examined circumstances the plantation can be a profitable alternative, both on the grounds of its gross margin and the indicators of the investment analysis.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető faapríték-termelés és az önkormányzati energia-gazdálkodás rendszerszemléletű gazdasági elemzése esettanulmány alapján(2024-02-19) Gabnai, ZoltánThere are numerous smaller settlements in our country where there are a high number of agrarians possessing territories which are not eligible for economic farming, or not used at all. It may be a good alternative for these settlements to change from natural gas based heating to renewable energy sources, burning wood chips in this case, especially if their gas based heating structures are outdated. This change is encouraged by recent tenders as well. Using this form of heating needs planning of the production of the utilized biomass, determining the possible areas and production modes for operating, such as putting manual labor forward – also taking into account the high rate of unemployment in certain areas. In my paper, I would like to demonstrate the possibilities of smaller rural local authorities, the potential upsides and downsides of this activity and its economic outcomes for the area or settlement - based on the local circumstances of the Hungarian village Bagamér. In my study I determine the size of land needed for producing the required amount of wood chips, the possibilities and modes of the actual production; I also determine its economical viability and its possible effects on heating costs. Then I describe the role of the most important economical factors in the process, using sensitivity analysis. I hope my study may prove useful for settlements with similar properties to the one examined in my case study in developing their energy strategy.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Környezeti információk az éves beszámolóban(2024-02-19) Kiss, ÁgotaEnvironmental protection is one of the most significant challenges facing humanity in the 21th century. The No.C Accounting Act of 2000 defines the scope of environmental information that economic organizations have to submit in their annual accounts in detail. In the literary part of my thesis I describe the conceptual systems and subsystems and the tasks of environmental account. Although environmental account is still an unknown concept for most experts in Hungary, I prove the benefits of it in operation of companies with examples. Furthermore, I demonstrate the development of environmental standards of the Accounting Act, the contents concerning environmental information in the additional supplement and in financial accounts. Moreover I mention the preparation of environmental and sustainability reports that became current nowadays. In the second half of my thesis I expound the results of my survey. In my research, I examined the scope of environmental information published in the additional supplement of annual accounts of 2009 of Hajdú-Bihar county companies certified by the ISO 14001 standard. For developing examination questions the 94th paragraph of the No.C Accounting Act of 2000 was the guiding principle. It states that provision of environmental liability and the quantity and value of dangerous waste and environmentally harmful materials have to be described in detail in the additional supplement. By reason of the increasing environmental disasters and aggravating legal regulations, surveying and presentating environmental performance will become an essential condition for effective operation. It merely depends on the attitude of leadership whether they consider environmental protection as a constrain or as an opportunity.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A nádudvari töltött káposzta piaci bevezetésének statisztikai vizsgálata(2024-02-19) Pál, EnikőMy thesis’ topic is the introduction of the stuffed cabbage from Nádudvar to the market. In my thesis I tried to find the answers whether there is a demand for ready-cooked stuffed cabbage or it maintains a home-made traditional dish. Furthermore, my aim was to examine who worth to target, where to sell it and how much money the respondents are willing to pay for this product. The research extended the Hajdú-Bihar County, where 600 people were interviewed. The questionnaires were filled in personal and online. The results were calculated with Microsoft Excel and SPSS 13.0 software. Out of the questionnaires 543 pieces were assessed. The following applied statistical methods were used: the independence test, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation calculations. Based on these results, I suggest that the company should introduce this product to the supermarkets and hypermarkets in the cities, so the advertising activities should be done in these commercial units. My survey showed that younger people are willing to buy this product, so they are recommended to be identified as target groups. Statistically demonstrable, those who have higher income tended to consume this ready-cooked product, so the price may reach the higher price level, which can create confidence in the quality of this product.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Portfólió menedzsment és optimalizálás a Budapesti Értéktőzsde adatai felhasználásával(2024-02-19) Darvas, BeátaThe financial crisis, escalated to a global scale in 2008, generated major shifts in the financial markets. The increased volatility reinstated the question of how an optimal portfolio should be structured. Due to the investors' uncertainty, assembling a stock-market portfolio requires deeper investigation and a more prudent approach than ever before to minimize the inherent risks such a portfolio might carry. In my thesis, based on the professional resources of portfolio management, the freely available R-statistsics software, I will introduce the models of assembling an optimal portfolio by relying on the share-trading database of the Budapest Stock Exchange. In order to carry all the calculations out thet can be found in the thesis I utilized the data available on 12 "A-Category" shares and the BUX index from 01.01.1998 to 31.12.2010. Prior to assembling an optimal portfolio, however, is crucial to gather data on the behaviour of individual shares and their impact on the given stock market index. To come up with all these information I employed the combinaton of the traditional frequency and regression analysis and the theoretical opportunities provided by the Bayesian-statistics. The combination of the two above methods offers a more precise estimation of the coefficients and the final results pave the way for a more accurate anticipation.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető környezetvédelem megítélése hazai és külföldi egyetemisták körében(2024-02-19) Durkó, Emília“Scientific and technology development has been unbelievably growing since World War II but its effect is not called only positive phenomena. The harmful consequences of growth of economy and civilisation which are treating healthy environment did not get familiar in the middle of the 20th century. The so-called environmental protection and environmental conscious behaviour is said to exist since the ’60s. The environmental conscious behaviour has already been investigated a couple of times by people and companies. These studies made me curious to explore undergrads’ behaviour. The aim of my study is to know how important the environmental consciousness in students’ lives who are studying at the Agricultural University of Prague and Debrecen in connection with transport, shopping and free time activities. I wanted to know who is really environmental friendly: either the Czech or the Hungarian student, either men or women, either the person who lives in village or in a city. As it turned out women are more pessimistic than men, men are more informed than women, the Czech students totally collect waste selectively in contrast to Hungarian students and Hungarian purchase more envrionmentally friendly product than Czech student.”Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető leader program vizsgálata – esettanulmány A Dél-Zempléni Leader Helyi Közösségnél(2024-02-19) Varga, KlaudiaThrough Leader the European Union created a program, which aim was to favour the development of rural economy. In my work I examined the settlements of the South-Zemplén Local Action Group from several aspects. One of my questions was, if Leader, that is present in Hungary since 2001 can fulfil its function and people are aware of the program. I was also looking for the answer, if bottom up approach helps the program and local residents are willing to take part in the development of their region. Two surveys were carried out to find answers to the questions. Based on the answers to the first questionare it turned out, that the number of those, who are not aware of the program is still high. It was also presented, that the LAG includes too many settlements, which makes the cooperation more difficult. Currently most of the settlements can not see the advantage of cooperation with other towns. In my second questionare I checked the adaptation of the program with the help of local government actors. It was revealed, that the goal of the program is good but there are still a lot to do to reach its principles, including social learning and implementation of muti-level governence.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Családi házak fűtésének gazdaságossága(2024-02-19) Durkó, EmíliaIn my study more possible heating alternatives of an gas-fired detached house and its cost were calculated. My primary goal was to determine what conditionals make it worth to shift from the most common fossil fuels to heating based on straw, biopellet or biobriquette. Based on the results of my investigations I came to the conclusion that the biomass would be competitive fuel for households. It is especially recommended for solvent consumer who requires convenient power supply or having fireplace. There is a wild range at the market according to individual needs and opportunities. You must make a decision how much you are willing to spend the convenience.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető folyamatmenedzsment alkalmazása a rendezvényszervezés területén(2024-02-19) Palatinus, BrigittaAccording to the old functional approach the leaders of the companies were thinking in tasks, competencies and classes. Nowadays the process approach is increasing. According to this approach it has to be done among the processes covering the understanding system components for the company’s leaders. I would like to introduce the importance of the program organization processes through the “Nyári Ifjúsági Játékok” (Summer Youth Games). Organising a program beginning with the initial planning process it is necessary to consider the supplementary works since the danger of the program implement resides in the details and the built up thoughts are adequately indispensable in the organization. The goal of my research paper that let me reveal it between the single activities of the process with the application of the process view logic connection system and let me eliminate the sources of the problems coming during the organization. I consider all important issues the selling and using happen in parallel with the programs and flows out the subsequent correction of the problems and there is no chance to further opportunity.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Hortobágyi termelők helyzete az átrendeződő ellátási láncokban(2024-02-19) Dogi, IlonaThe aim of my research was to examine the effect of restructuring food supply chains on farmers in Hortobágy. The reason for choosing Hortobágy settlement (LAU2) as a research area was, that I had an interest on how farmers operate in a region which is well-known from its tourism, and where World Heritage title provides a good brand for marketing. The question was what kind of markets farmers find for their products? Unique natural features of Hortobágy create limited possibility along the economic dimension, therefore it is particularly important how to find markets for the goods and services produced in the National Park region. To analyze the situation of farmers, primary research - including questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews and a public-forum - was carried out. This questionnaire was part of the survey prepared by the Food Chain Analysis Division of the Agricultural Economics Research Institute. This survey examines the importance and possibilities of consumer and producer markets in the domestic food supply chain. After evaluation of the results, a Forum with the title "Dialogue on local products with local people" was organized with the help of my tutor. On the Forum residents of Hortobágy could get feedback from the research and their opinion was asked. Outcome of the work was that the biggest problem is the lack of common interest and common thinking. Producers feel, there is not any opportunity for dialogue with public institutes, and they perceive the presence of the National Park as disadvantage.